CONN SYNDROME: Patient info.on adrenalectomy in Dutch.

http://www.nijsmellinghe.nl/1177/kijkoperatie-om-de-bijnier-te-verwijderen http://www.jeroenboschziekenhuis.nl/website/patientenfolders/URO/URO-063%20Laparoscopische%20verwijdering%20van%20de%20bijnier.pdf http://www.umcn.nl/Informatiefolders/4892-Laparoscopische_retroper-i.pdf http://www.erasmusmc.nl/cs-patientenzorg/2419534/2419537/214086/21416521/6088874-02_07aiOperatieaand1.pdf http://www.uza.be/behandeling/bijnierresectie http://www.nvacp.nl/page/Medisch/Aandoeningen/Bijnieren

USA "GARD": HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA

Who first described hereditary angioedema? Hereditary angioedema (HAE) was first described as a “syndrome” by Quincke in 1882 and was later detected in 1888 by William Osler to have a hereditary nature.[1] 1. Webb, M. et al. 2000. Management of children with hereditary angioedema: a report of two cases. Available at: http://www.aapd.org/assets/1/25/Webb-22-02.pdf. Accessed on October 11, 2013. The US Hereditary Angioedema Association Seven Waterfront Plaza 500 Ala Moana Blvd., Suite 400 Honolulu, HI 96813 Toll free: (866) 798-5598 Web site: http://www.haea.org/ Tamandra Carter Information Specialist The Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center is funded by two parts of the National Institutes of Health (NIH): the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Office of Rare Diseases Research (NCATS-ORDR) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The GARD Information Center provides the public with access to current, reliable, and easy to understand information about rare or genetic diseases in English or Spanish. Information Specialists are available by phone Monday through Friday, 12:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern time (excluding Federal holidays). PO Box 8126 Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126 Toll-free: 1-888-205-2311 Telephone: 301-251-4925 TTY: 1-888-205-3223 Fax: 301-251-4911 E-mail: GARDinfo@nih.gov Web site: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD

DAILY MAIL : WORLD LITERACY

at the same level, whereas countries like Korea are showing huge improvement between generations Picture of Britain: This graph shows how the UK compared to other industrial nations when it came to numeracy Interesting: Countries like Japan, Netherlands and Sweden were the top performing in terms of literacy, even though children start school often years later than British youngsters Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2449481/Education-crisis-Up-8-5MILLION-numeracy-level-10-year-old.html#ixzz2hBd5fqRR

SCIENCE: NOBEL PRIZE FOR MEDICINE

Three researchers who studied how cells shuttle around essential molecules in tiny intracellular sacs have won this year’s Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. James Rothman of Yale University; Randy Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley; and Thomas Südhof of Stanford University earned the award "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells," according to the announcement from the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. The three researchers independently unraveled basic cellular mechanisms several decades ago—in Schekman's case, almost 40 years ago. Although mistakes in cellular transport systems can cause a variety of diseases—including diabetes and neurological and immunological disorders—their work has not yet led to any new drugs or therapies, but it has helped others develop diagnostic tests. Schekman, who's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), a former editor of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and the current editor-in-chief of the open access journal eLife, studied intracellular transport in yeast cells in the 1970s. He identified cells whose transport machinery didn't function properly, causing the vesicles to pile up in the cell, and identified the mutated genes responsible for those problems—a discovery that helped understand how intracellular traffic works under normal circumstances. Rothman, who has been at Yale since 2008, is honored for work he did on vesicular transport in mammalian cells while at Stanford University, Princeton University, and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in the 1980s and 1990s. Rothman showed how a protein complex enables vesicles to dock and fuse with their target membranes, a process in which proteins on the sacs and their targets bind to each other like the two sides of a zipper. (Each half of the zipper complex has to match the other precisely, allowing the cell to direct compounds exactly where they need to do.) The mechanism is used both inside a cell and when a vesicle arrives at a cell from the outside to deliver its contents. Südhof was born in Germany and came to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in 1982 to work in the lab of Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein, who both won a Nobel in 1985. Südhof receives his share of this year's prize for transport studies as well—in his case, of how neurotransmitters, an all-important class of chemical messengers, are transported between neighboring nerve cells. In the 1990s, Südhof—now also an HHMI investigator, like Schekman—identified proteins that respond to an influx of calcium into the neuron, allowing other, nearby proteins to bind to vesicles containing neurotransmitters and let their content flow into the nerve cell. His work helped explain how nervous systems can achieve their amazing speed and temporal precision.

FRANCE: ADRENAL ASSOCIATION

http://www.surrenales.com/adherer

ProMed: MYCO. LEPRAE

(prevalence Leprosy in India increasing) Infect Genet Evol. 2012 Jan;12(1):121-6. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.10.023. Epub 2011 Nov 11. Dynamics of Mycobacterium leprae transmission in environmental context: deciphering the role of environment as a potential reservoir. Turankar RP, Lavania M, Singh M, Siva Sai KS, Jadhav RS. Source Stanley Browne Laboratory, TLM Community Hospital, Nand Nagari, Delhi 110093, India. Abstract Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Various modes of transmission have been suggested for this disease. Transmission and risk of the infection is perhaps related to presence of the infectious cases and is controlled by environmental factors. Evidence suggests that humidity may favor survival of M. leprae in the environment. Several reports show that non-human sources like 'naturally' infected armadillos or monkeys could act as reservoir for M. leprae. Inanimate objects or fomites like articles used by infectious patients may theoretically spread infection. However, it is only through detailed knowledge of the biodiversity and ecology that the importance of this mode of transmission can be fully assessed. Our study focuses here to decipher the role of environment in the transmission of the disease. Two hundred and seven soil samples were collected from a village in endemic area where active cases also resided at the time of sample collection. Slit skin smears were collected from 13 multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients and 12 household contacts of the patients suspected to be hidden cases. DNA and RNA of M. leprae were extracted and amplified using M. leprae specific primers. Seventy-one soil samples showed presence of M. leprae DNA whereas 16S rRNA could be detected in twenty-eight of these samples. Samples, both from the environment and the patients, exhibited the same genotype when tested by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. Genotype of M. leprae found in the soil and the patients residing in the same area could help in understanding the transmission link in leprosy. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Comment: check for enlarged supratrochleal lymph node. Also Ulnar & Great auricular nerve thickening)

UK ROYAL SOC. MEDICINE : FUTURE of GP

New call for GPs to relinquish independent contractor status General practitioners should give up their independent contractor status and become NHS employees. This is the most radical alternative method of primary care funding considered by Professor Azeem Majeed, Head of the Department of Primary Care & Public Health at Imperial College London, in an editorial published today in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Professor Majeed, who also works as a part-time GP in South London, suggests that the funding of primary care should also be modified in favour of methods that link workload more closely to funding. In the last few years GPs have seen a dramatic transformation in their circumstances with reduced funding and higher clinical and administrative workload. Professor Majeed says:“Under the current capitation-based funding method, GPs face unrestricted demands for their services and on their time while having to operate on a fixed budget.” “When GPs are unable to cope with their workload, ” he says, “pressure will increase on other parts of the NHS – such as emergency departments – as well as impacting on access to primary care services and on how well GPs can manage patients with complex health needs.” If GPs gave up their independent contractor status, they could become NHS employees under similar employment terms to doctors working in acute, community and mental health trusts. This could, says Professor Majeed, allow GPs and their staff to be employed on national NHS terms of service and overcome the divide between self-employed GP principals and salaried GPs. Other options considered by Professor Majeed include the incorporation of tariff-based methods of funding in place of or in addition to capitation payments; The establishment of ‘super-partnerships’ involving the merger of general practices to allow the formation of larger primary care organisations; Or greater collaboration between general practices via the formation of general practice networks or federations. ENDS Notes for editors General practice in the United Kingdom: Meeting the challenges of the early 21st century (DOI: 10.1177/0141076813504326), by Azeem Majeed is published by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine today Friday 20 September 2013.