Transmitted through placenta.
Treatment program in Spain.
Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas was born on July 9, 1879, in the town of Oliveira, Brazil, of farmers whose descendents came to Brazil in the seventeenth century. Prior to his father's death when Carlos was four, his upper-class parents owned a small coffee plantation. Carlos resisted his mother's persuasion for him the become an mining engineer and instead chose medical school, being swayed by a physician uncle who convinced him that for Brazil to develop
industrially it was necessary to rid the country of endemic diseases.
Many European ships refused to dock in Brazilian ports because of the
risk of contracting yellow fever, smallpox, bubonic plague, and
syphilis.
